All You Need to Know About Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside a woman’s ovaries. They are harmless and common, often disappearing on their own without causing any symptoms. Many women develop ovarian cysts at some point in their lives, especially during the reproductive years. Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous) and painless, but some may cause irregular periods, discomfort, or complications if they grow too large. In rare cases, these cysts may indicate health conditions like PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). It is very important to understand and detect them early. When you know the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take better care of your reproductive health.

Most cysts do not require medical intervention, but some may need medication or surgical removal if they cause pain or other complications.

Let’s find out more about them.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

There are several types of ovarian cysts, each with distinct characteristics. Functional cysts develop as a natural part of the menstrual cycle and usually disappear on their own without causing harm. Dermoid cysts are unique as they contain tissues like hair, skin, or teeth; while they are typically benign, they can sometimes grow quite large. Another type, endometriomas, occurs when uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often causing pain and complications. Cystadenomas are fluid-filled cysts that develop on the ovarian surface and can grow significantly in size. Lastly, polycystic ovaries, commonly associated with PCOS, involve the formation of multiple small cysts, which disrupt hormone balance and can lead to irregular periods and other health concerns. Proper diagnosis through ultrasound or medical tests is important in identifying the type of ovarian cyst and determining the appropriate treatment.

Causes of Ovarian Cysts

• Irregular hormone levels, as in PCOS, can lead to cyst formation.
• Some cysts naturally grow during pregnancy to support the fetus.
• Infections can spread to the ovaries, causing cysts.
• Women with inconsistent ovulation patterns are at higher risk of developing cysts.

While many ovarian cysts develop naturally and resolve on their own, some may require medical evaluation to determine the best course of action.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

• A sharp or dull pain on one side of the lower abdomen.
• A feeling of heaviness in the stomach.
• Some cysts may cause discomfort or pain during intercourse.
• Missed, delayed, or unusually heavy periods.
• Large cysts may press on the bladder or intestines, leading to frequent urination.
• If a cyst ruptures, it can cause severe pain, fever, nausea, and dizziness.

Treatment

The most common way to detect ovarian cysts, along with their size, type, and location, is through an ultrasound. In certain cases, blood tests are conducted to assess the risk of ovarian cancer, while hormone tests help identify any hormonal imbalances that may contribute to cyst formation. In many instances, small and harmless cysts resolve on their own without requiring medical intervention. However, for those prone to recurrent cysts, birth control pills are often prescribed to help regulate hormones and prevent future cyst formation. If the cysts grow too large or cause severe pain, laparoscopy or surgical removal may be necessary to prevent complications and ensure overall reproductive health.

When to See a Doctor

While most ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, certain symptoms may indicate a need for urgent medical attention. If you experience sharp pain, fever, or vomiting, it could be a sign of a ruptured cyst or infection that requires immediate care. Persistent severe pelvic pain that does not subside should also be evaluated by a doctor to rule out complications. Additionally, if you have irregular or heavy periods that interfere with your daily life, it may indicate an underlying hormonal imbalance or a growing cyst. Women facing difficulty conceiving, even after repeated attempts, should consult a healthcare professional, as ovarian cysts, particularly those associated with PCOS, can impact fertility. Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking medical advice can help prevent further complications and ensure better reproductive health.

By paying attention to the symptoms that your body shows and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, women can manage ovarian cysts effectively. If you experience any issues, it is always best to consult a doctor for a worry-free life.